Johannes Brahms And The Romantic Period

Johannes Brahms And The Romantic Period The Romantic period was a period that spanned the entire 19th century. It came after the classical period and sought to increase the expression of deeper truths and the feelings of human beings while preserving the music structures of the classical period. Brahms is one of the prominent figures and composers of this era. Writing two serenades, two piano concertos, violin concertos, four symphonies, two orchestral overtures, and many more works that were destroyed or unpublished, Brahms became an influential figure of the Romantic period and served as an inspiration to future generations of musicians and composers alike. Johannes Brahms was born on May 7, 1833 in Hamburg, Germany. Johannes Brahms father was Johann Jakob Brahms while Johannes mother was Johanna Henrika Christiane Nissen. Johann Jakob Brahms, like his son, was a musician of the 19th century. Johann was proficient in several instruments, including the French horn and the double bass. Johanna Henrika Christiane Nissen, Johannes mother, was a seamstress living in Hamburg. Johannes Brahms also had a younger sister and a younger brother. At the age of seven, Johannes Brahms began musical training on behalf of the will of his father. Brahms studied piano with pianist Otto Friedrich Willibald Cossel. Due to his family being poor, Brahms often played in the brothels and dance halls of Hamburg. By the age of eleven, Brahms was composing sonatas for the piano. His compositions would not receive public attention or acclaim until he toured with Eduard Remenyi as an accompanist in the spring of 1853. On this tour, Johannes Brahms met Joseph Joachim, Joachim Raff, Franz Liszt, and Peter Cornelius; all were prominent musicians of the time. Joseph Joachim then introduced Robert Schumann to Johannes Brahms via a letter. Brahms then traveled to Dusseldorf to live with the Schumann family. Brahms impressed Schumann with his talent and was featured in an article in the music journal known as Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik which translates to New Journal of Music. This article brought the publics attention to the young Brahms. During th is time, Brahms, along with Schumann and Albert Dietrich, composed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“F-A-E Sonataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for Joachim. Brahms found himself as a pseudo head of household in the Schumann family during his stay. He had developed a close relationship with Clara Schumann, Robert Schumanns wife and fellow German composer and pianist. This emotionally but not romantically deep relationship would last for both of the composers lifetimes, with constant communication between the both of them. When Schumann attempted suicide, he was placed in a mental rehabilitation facility. Brahms became the messenger between Clara and Robert Schumann during Roberts final years of life in the mental sanatorium. When Robert Schumann died in 1856, Brahms aided and comforted Clara for the next couple of years. This came at the sacrifice of Brahms career as few compositions were written during this period of time after Robert Schumanns death. After the death of Robert Schumann and the period of comforting his wife Clara Schumann, Johannes Brahms found himself devoting his time between his obligations as the founder and conductor of a ladies choir in Hamburg and his obligations in Detmold, Germany as the court music-teacher and composer. His Piano Concerto No.1 debuted in Hanover, Germany in 1859 and Brahms served as the soloist of the concerto. Brahms then visited Vienna in 1862 and was appointed conductor of the Vienna Singakademie, a choir based in Vienna. He composed throughout the 1850s and the 1860s, writing multiple compositions for different orchestras, but many of his works received mixed reviews from contemporary critics of the time. One of his works, Piano Concerto No.1 was poorly received in early performances of the music piece. Prominent figures of the time, including Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner of the New German School labeled Brahms as an old-fashioned and non-innovative composer. Although Brahms admired the skills of Liszt as a pianist and admired the musical works of Wagner, a conflict known as the War of the Romantics arose with Brahms being a prominent figure of the conservative side and Liszt and Wagner being prominent figures of the progressive side. Brahms rose to popularity in 1868 with the premiere of A German Requiem in Bremen. A German Requiem was Johannes Brahms largest choral work and was the composition that won the publics acclaim and established Brahms reputation in Europe as a leading composer and the conqueror of the symphony. It was with this newly formed reputation and acclaim that allowed Brahms to complete many of his earlier works that he had worked on for years such as the Rinaldo, a cantata, his third piano quartet, his first symphony, and his first string quartet. Brahms was a perfectionist and due to this, never finished or discarded many of the compositions he had worked on in the earlier years of his career. The first symphony premiered in 1876, and the other three premiered in 1877, 1883, and 1885. His Piano Concerto No.2 premiered in 1881 with Brahms once again as the soloist for the concerto. It was from this point on that Brahms was able to test his newly composed orchestral works with the Duke of Meini ngens court orchestra which was conducted by Hans von Bulow, one of the most famous composers of the 19th century. One of Brahms works, the abbreviated version of his Hungarian dance for the piano, became the earliest recorded music piece in history. The piece was recorded by Theo Wangemann, a representative on behalf of the famous American inventor Thomas Edison, when Theo visited Vienna in 1889 and invited Johannes Brahms to make the first recording of a music piece in history. In that same year, Brahms was made an honorary citizen of Hamburg, the same city where he was born. At the age of 57, Brahms made a resolve to give up on composing music for the rest of his life in 1890. Brahms was unable to follow through with this resolve and went back to composing music. It was during this time frame that Brahms composed a number of compositions that were acknowledged by critics and the public alike to be masterpieces. He composed even more music due to his admiration of Richard Muhlfeld, former violinist and now clarinettist of the Meininger Hofkapelle which was the Meiningen orchestra. These inspired musical works were Op. 114, Op. 115, Op. 116-119 also known as the Four Serious Songs, Op. 120, Op. 121, Op. 122, the Clarinet Trio, the Clarinet Quintet, the two Clarinet Sonatas, and the Eleven Chorale Preludes for the organ. Johannes Brahms developed cancer while completing the Op. 121 songs. His condition worsened which caused Brahms death on April 3, 1897 at the age of 63. Brahms was buried in the Zentralfriedhof, the most famous and largest cemetery in Vienn a. Brahms point of view combined elements of the Baroque and Classical periods and his futuristic views on music. His music was bold with its exploration of harmony and rhythm. Because of this, Johannes Brahms has a strong influence on both conservative and modernist composers. In his lifetime, Brahms was an influential figure on several composers within his circle who had a strong admiration of his music. These composers included Robert Fuchs, Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Julius Rontgen, and also Gustav Jenner who was Brahms only formal pupil. Brahms also had a great influence on Antonin Dvorak who received great amounts of help from Brahms. Dvorak admired Brahmss music and was heavily influenced by it in many works by Dvorak including the Symphony No 7 in D minor. Notable features of Brahms musical style were used with the personal styles of composers Max Reger, Wilhelm Berger, and Hans Rott. British composers Edward Elgar and Hubert Parry as well as the Swedish composer Wilhelm Stenham mar have noted that they have learned much from the works and examples set by Johannes Brahms. Brahms was honored by the Walhalla temple, the German Hall of Fame in 2000. On September 14 of that year, he was inducted into the Hall of Fame as the 126th à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ruhmlich ausgezeichneter Teutscherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which translates to glorious excellent teacher and the 13th composer among them. A bust was sculpted in honor of him by sculptor Milan Knobloch. A composer of the Romantic period, Brahms composed numerous works which left a strong impression on the public and served a model of inspiration for future musicians and composers. It was through his numerous works which have earned public acclaim that he became a leader and prominent figure of the musical scene at the time. An innovator and a traditionalist composer, Brahms was one of the most beloved musicians and composers of his time and still remains so today.

Americas Racist Society Essay -- Racism, Prejudice, Racial Profiling

The relationship between whites and blacks in America can be thought of as a mountain, as we ascend the peak through time racial clashes seem to be fewer and fewer. America has had a very racist history, but now more than ever equal opportunity is being granted to minorities. Blacks and whites are getting along better than any other time in the past, but there are still problems preventing these two groups from blending completely in society. Stereotypes about the violent behavior of blacks, seriously affects the relationship between whites and blacks in society because white people are fearful in the presence of blacks. Evidence for these stereotypes and reasons why this stereotype is so widely regarded will be thoroughly discussed in this essay, starting with my own personal experiences. When I was growing up, I did not live in a community with many Blacks and because of this I never got a chance to have many black friends. Throughout middle school and high school I noticed that the majority of black students remained isolated to their own racial group. They seemed to keep their distance from the white kids or maybe it was that the white kids stayed away from them? Occasionally when fights broke out in school it seemed that the black students were always the ones involved. This was something that I noticed but didn’t think much of it at the time. Looking back and reflecting on what I saw, these skirmishes involving the black students could have inflicted a sense of fear in me. I saw their violent behavior first hand and that probably caused me to think of them as violent and something to fear. That wasn’t the only thing that influenced me to think of blacks in that way, but what were the others? Could the media, ... ...them to make a conscious effort to behave in a way that would eliminate the stereotypes. In my experiences I have found that my role models have a huge impact on what I do and how I think. These people influence me to be who I am and add wisdom where I would normally be clueless. The black community is not the only group who needs to be educated about stereotyping, whites need to be educated as well. White people are often the ones using the stereotypes and for that reason they need to be informed of what they are doing. Once the white community realizes what they are doing they can make an effort, just like the blacks, to stop classifying people who are different. If the judgment of others who are different stops then racial issues will become much less prevalent. Once racial conflicts preside then ethnic groups in society will be able to peacefully coexist.

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay

Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 The older generations often time experience unequal treatment in the workplace and are subject to prejudice and discrimination. (Pearson, 2012) 2 Older members of society share physical differences that set them apart from the younger generations. (Pearson, 2012) 3 The aging population are involuntary included into clubs or groups determined by their age. (Pearson, 2012) Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is age based prejudice or discrimination. The effects of stereotyping on the older generations, whether intentional or not has a negative impact of diversity in society. When society determines that a person is too old to do their job or maintain their effectiveness as active members of society we are losing a great deal of experience and wisdom and inhibiting a person from doing something they may want to do. Age discrimination will have a negative impact not only on society but also on employers as they will not be able to retain knowledge and will have to pour resources into training new workers. A possible solution is to maintain an older workforce to provide mentoring and training opportunities. What is the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits employment discrimination against persons forty years of age or older. (www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/adea.cfm) The ADEA does not protect workers under the age of forty. The ADEA as stated, forbids  discrimination when it comes to any aspect of employment, including hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoffs, training, fringe benefits, and any other condition of employment (www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/age.cfm). Additionally, any policy implemented by an employer that is to be directed at the entire workforce, can be deemed in violation of the ADEA if the policy has a negative impact of employees over the age of forty. What is being done to address the issues you identified? The ADEA act is an important step in providing equality to the aging population in the workplace. Many older people resent the fact that they are capable of receiving senior discounts of have automatic memberships in clubs such as AARP. To combat feelings that these ideas bring about, I believe older generation are trying to stay more active in society whether it be by exercise and recreational opportunities or just being involved in non-profit organizations and active members of society. Maintaining and active lifestyle by recreational opportunities or exercise also helps to deter the effects of differing physical characteristics brought about by age. Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The older population–persons 65 years or older–numbered 39.6 million in 2009 (the latest year for which data is available). They represented 12.9% of the U.S. population, about one in every eight Americans. By 2030, there will be about 72.1 million older persons, more than twice their number in 2000. People 65+ represented 12.4% of the population in the year 2000 but are expected to grow to be 19% of the population by 2030. (http://www.aoa.gov/Aging_Statistics/) What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? There are many issues facing the elderly today any many could involve legislation affecting such things as Social Security benefits and also healthcare benefits. The development and workings of groups aimed at protecting not only the threatened benefits of Social Security and healthcare but also other aspects of the elderly lifestyle are on the rise and proving to be helpful to our aging society. How does poverty affect the aging population? Poverty among the elderly is seen as much better today than it was in the past. This can be attributed to pension plans and higher paying jobs that  what people were subject to quite some time ago. Although the rate of poverty is declining in the elderly, poverty is still an issue. One major cause is the rising cost of long term healthcare and medicines. With the increased life expectancy rates, this only compounds the problem as people are living longer. Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment (http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html). The ADA provides for accessibility by individuals that otherwise might be limited by disabilities in an attempt to provide equality in society and the workplace. How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? Throughout history, people have been socially disadvantaged, not because of the limits of their own skills and abilities but because assumptions are made about them based on some group characteristics (Pearson, 2012). As a society we tend to fear the unexpected and naturally limit interactions due to this feeling on unknown. In doing so, we have created a sense of separation and a lot of times cause unnecessary feelings of dejection among the disabled community. How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? Over time I think as a society we have become more aware of actually how much alike people with disabilities are to us. As we move into a more adventurous society, more unfortunate accidents occur and more and more people are likely to become physically disabled. The end result of this would be a better understanding among all of society of the differences and hardships people with physical disabilities face on a  daily basis and allow us to focus on wa ys to provide equal access and quality of life. What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? People with disabilities, physical or mental, face issues and unique circumstances on a day to day basis that can make life challenging. Access to retail environments, restaurants or any public venue is often times limited by the level of accessibility provided by local businesses or governments. People with learning and/or mental disabilities could face issues of increased level of difficulties in the learning environment which in result could cause limitations in the workplace. What is being done to address those issues? The ADA Act is eventually going to force all businesses large and small to abide and provide access to disabled citizens. The U.S. Department of Education allocated more than 19 million dollars in grants to help prepare those with disabilities to receive their educations (www.whitehouse.gov/issues/disabilities). What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? The President of the United States signed into law the â€Å"National Alzheimer’s Project Act†, which will provide council on research, care and services of this disease. The President also reauthorized the â€Å"Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Act†, which will provide screening, intervention and research into hearing loss. The â€Å"Christopher and Dan Reeves Paralysis Act† was also signed into law, which is aimed at improved the lives of those affected with paralysis (www.whitehouse.gov/issues/disabilities). The President also signed sever al laws dealing with education and employment oppurtunities for those with disabilities as defined on the White House disability issues website. Sources: www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/adea.cfm www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/age.cfm http://www.aoa.gov/Aging_Statistics/ http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html www.whitehouse.gov/issues/disabilities Schaefer, R, Racial and Ethnic Groups, 13th Edition, 2012, Pearson Education

A Hostile Work Environment at the Senior Center - 673 Words

Site manager of a Senior Center was a position held in 2008 that rewarded me personally and professionally. However, the work atmosphere was hostile because there was poor communication with the coordinator. The job description required managers to help when needed, but it turned out to be a permanent stage, not just when needed. This job was a good example of what a manager should be. According to the course materials, emotions and constructive criticism affects job performance. In addition, the manager’s beliefs and integrity is clearer when there is good communication. Therefore, the course materials provide a guide on how to be a good manager, which is part of good public communication. To begin, while covering for kitchen staff and delivery drivers, reports, payroll, and inventory were due. When something did not go like the coordinator wanted it, she would yell in front of the staff, decreasing my authority. An employee will work hard with passion if their emotio ns at work do not interfere with performance. â€Å"Emotions are a quintessential part of the human condition, and as such, they are relevant to the work of public managers; emotions affect managerial judgment, interpersonal relationships, and job performance,† (Berman West, 2008, pg. 742). Instead of yelling to get a point across, they received training on how to do the job and received positive reinforcement; the staff had a higher performance regardless of the hours and amount of work because ofShow MoreRelated Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essays1615 Words   |  7 Pagesworkplace is an environment where one should always feel safe. That sometimes is not the case. There has been a great increase in sexual harassment lawsuits and claims in the workplace since the Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas controversy in 1991. Sexual harassment is any unwanted and offensive sexual advances or sexually derogatory or discriminatory remarks. 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